Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) / Definition, parts, working, advantages, disadvantages of Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM)

Introduction:

This machining process uses an electric spark to cut the metal. 

The spark generated by this process produces heat, which removes the metal by erosion and evaporation.   

This process takes place in dielectric fluid. In this non-traditional machining process, both the workpiece and the tool are made of conductive material.

See in figure the electrical discharge machining process and their working procedure described below in detail.

Working Procedure of Electrochemical Machining (ECM):

1. First of all, both the workpiece and the tool are immersed in dielectric fluid. This dielectric fluid helps to control the arc discharge.
2. There is a very small gap (about 0.5 mm) between the workpiece and the tool. 
3. A high-frequency current is sent to the electrode, which creates a spark between the tool and the workpiece.
4. Due to erosion and evaporating ions, the metal starts coming out of the workpiece. 
5. Chips and suspended particles are removed from between the workpiece and the tool so that it does not cause a short circuit.  All this is possible by a continuous supply of dielectric fluid.

Application of Electrochemical Machining (ECM):

2. It is specially used for master die makers. 
3. Finished products
4. Long aspect hole

Advantages of Electrochemical Machining (ECM):

1. Every conductive material can be cut by this process.
2. A complex dies sections and complex shapes can be produced with precision.
3. This process is independent of burrs.
4. Thin sections can be easily formed without deforming any parts.
5. Pieces of hard workpieces can be easily cut. 

Disadvantages of Electrochemical Machining (ECM) :

1. In this machining process, the equipment wears out more. 
2. Good electrical conductors can only be made by EDM.

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